health+and+nutrition

__**Health and Nutrition Relating to Turner Syndrome**__ Individuals who present with Turner syndrome often have varied health needs relating to this syndrome. Collin (2006) highlights that the management of this syndrome centres around reducing the effects of the condition and promoting their long term health and well being. It is well known that turner syndrome can significantly impact upon long term physical health and as a result, a range of different services will be utilised by affected females throughout their whole life. The main health issues relating to this syndrome include: (Larizza et al 2009).
 * Health
 * congenital heart disease (occurs in 75% of foetuses and 24-45% of live born girls with turner syndrome)
 * hypertension (which affects up to 25% of adolescents and between 40-60% of adults with turner syndrome)
 * infertility
 * diabetes (the most common is type 1)
 * Autoimmune diseases (including: thyroid autoimmune disease which ranges from 4% to 40% and inflammatory bowel disease which ranges from 2.6% to 3%)

Gates (2007) highlights issues relating to nutrition in those with profound and multiple disabilities. It is discussed that underlying issues such as congenital heart disease can greatly impact upon a person’s ability to eat and drink. However, during infancy in turner syndrome, poor feeding has been discussed by Collins (2006). Physical characteristics of the syndrome such as small jaw and a high arched palate can influence feeding and as a result can impact nutrition. It is recommended that both dietetic and speech and language input should remain through childhood of the individuals with turner syndrome.
 * Nutrition

References Collins, J (2006) An Introduction to Turner Syndrome, Paediatric Nursing, vol 18, pp 38-43 Gates, B (2007) Learning Disabilities: Towards Inclusion, 5th ed, Elsevier: Edinburgh Larizza, D., Calcaterra, V., Martinetti, M., (2009) Autoimmune Stigmata in Turner Syndrome: When lack an X chromosome, Journal of Autoimmunity, vol 33, pp 25-30